What Ginkgo Biloba Does for the Body

1. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Ginkgo biloba is rich in flavonoids and terpenoids—powerful antioxidants that may help neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce inflammation. These properties are thought to underpin many of its proposed health benefits. 

2. Circulation and Vascular Health

The terpenoids in Ginkgo can help dilate blood vessels and enhance blood flow—likely via increasing nitric oxide levels—potentially supporting cardiovascular health and improving circulation.  

3. Cognitive Function & Dementia Support

Research is mixed. Some studies suggest Ginkgo extract (especially standardized forms like EGb 761) may improve cognitive function and behavioral symptoms in individuals with mild dementia when taken at doses of 120–240 mg/day for roughly 22–24 weeks.  However, large trials like the GEM study found no meaningful effect in preventing dementia.

4. Mood, Anxiety & Other Neurological Conditions

Some smaller studies suggest potential benefits in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and aiding stroke rehabilitation. Still, the evidence is not strong or universally accepted.

5. Eye Health & Neuroprotection

There’s preliminary evidence that Ginkgo may support eye health—like glaucoma and retinal protection—and offer neuroprotective advantages. However, these findings remain tentative and need more rigorous confirmation. 

Safety & Limitations

• Efficacy Not Proven for Healthy Individuals: There’s no strong evidence that Ginkgo improves memory, attention, or cognitive performance in healthy adults.

• Safety Concerns: Side effects may include bleeding, gastrointestinal upset, headaches, dizziness, and allergic reactions. Ginkgo can interact with blood thinners and other medications. It’s also considered possibly carcinogenic (Group 2B), and seeds contain ginkgotoxin, which can be toxic or even seizure-inducing if consumed in excess.

• Regulatory Perspectives: While some European regulatory bodies recognize Ginkgo for improving quality of life in mild dementia cases, the U.S. FDA has not approved Ginkgo for any therapeutic use.

• Consult Your Doctor: Given the inconclusive evidence and potential risks, talking with a healthcare professional before using Ginkgo is strongly recommended.